What is the primary function of a transformer in an electrical circuit?

The primary function of a transformer in an electrical circuit is to increase or decrease voltage levels. Transformers operate based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing them to adjust the voltage of an alternating current (AC) without changing its frequency. By varying the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils, a transformer can either step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage to meet specific requirements of the electrical system.

This ability to modify voltage levels is crucial in power distribution systems, enabling electricity to be transmitted over long distances efficiently, and making it usable for different applications and devices. In essence, transformers play a vital role in ensuring that electrical energy is delivered at the appropriate voltage for safe and effective use in homes, industries, and various devices.